The Postal Service has a legal monopoly to deliver first-class mail and non-urgent letters. It is the only entity that can put something into a mailbox or through a mail slot. It is legally obliged to provide the service at the same level and price nationwide. That means, even with mail volume down 40 percent since 2006, the Postal Service still must visit 155 million mailboxes every day.
Since 2007, the Postal Service has been required to allocate 5.5 percent of its fixed costs to package delivery and to incorporate that into its pricing. That figure made sense then, but today, 25 percent of the Postal Service's business is package delivery. And thanks to features of the Amazon deal – such as Sunday delivery, grocery delivery, even delivery from fish markets to local restaurants – the expenses have climbed.
In fact, they've climbed so much, according to a recent analysis by Citigroup, that the Postal Service should be charging Amazon $1.46 more per package than the $2 or so it does now. "Amazon now enjoys low rates unavailable to its competitors"...
There is no question the Postal Service must change to survive. What we need from it has changed. We now pay bills online. We email rather than write letters. We evite rather than send invitations. At the same time, we buy online and need the Postal Service to deliver.
But its finances are not in order. The Postal Service has had one profitable quarter in the last five years. Even with monopoly protection on its most valued service, it has fallen more than $120 billion behind in pension and retiree health expenses and has chewed through a $15 billion line of credit from the Treasury...
If you're in a deal where you lose money and your partner profits wildly, maybe deal-making is not for you.
Education, politics, and anything else that catches my attention.
Monday, September 04, 2017
Losing Money on Every Package
I'm periodically told that the US Postal Service doesn't cost any taxpayer money, that it's a self-functioning and self-supporting agency. How much money must they have had squirreled away if they can have only one profitable quarter in 5 years? Something tells me that some taxpayer dollars are at play here, and not just in retirement benefits:
This Doesn't Surprise Me
If you want to be rich, don't associate with these types of people:
Who you hang out with matters more than you may think.
In fact, your friendships could have a major impact on your net worth.
After researching the daily habits of wealthy people for five years, author Thomas C. Corley found that they avoid one type of person at all costs: pessimists.
Scale Is Out
Have to stop posting my weight for awhile. In the past week my weight has fluctuated a total of 10 lbs--according to my scale. While I wouldn't mind having lost 10 lbs, I just don't believe it. My pants don't tell me the same story!
When I can step on the scale 3 times and get 3 wildly different weights, it's time not to believe that scale. Maybe I'll get to a store today and get a new one.
When I can step on the scale 3 times and get 3 wildly different weights, it's time not to believe that scale. Maybe I'll get to a store today and get a new one.
Sunday, September 03, 2017
A View From A Few Decades Ago
Phil Donahue is one of my favorite leftie talk show hosts.
Oh, he's as rabid as they come. My favorite clip is of him with Milton Friedman--classic Phil, and classic Milton! What I like about Phil, and what contrasts him with so many of today's talk show hosts, is that he'll ask a question and then let his guest answer it. In general, he doesn't talk over the guest and just get his point across, he genuinely let his guest get his/her point across as well.
The clip below of Ayn Rand is educational for many reasons. For starters, listen to the companies that the audience were afraid of because of their monopoly power--ITT, Xerox, and General Motors! (Note: two decades ago people worried about Microsoft. Today people worry about Google and Facebook, and perhaps Disney.) Also, (the libertarian) Ms. Rand refuses to answer a question she considers asked in a rude manner, and (the leftie) Mr. Donahue tells her not to be so sensitive!
Don't get me wrong, I don't agree with hardcore libertarianism--it disregards human nature as much as liberalism does. At 10:00 in the video Rand talks about a businessman who (without government help) establishes as monopoly but someone else will eventually come along and offer better service, a more competitive price, etc, and the monopoly won't stand; when that eventually happens, and it will eventually happen, it disregards the hardships imposed on the public by the monopolist prior to his/her competition's arrival on the scene. Understanding human nature, I want a government that restricts the worst impulses of that nature. That's why I'm such a fan of the US Constitution.
So my purpose in showing this Donahue/Rand video is not wave the banner of libertarianism, but to show how times have changed.
Oh, he's as rabid as they come. My favorite clip is of him with Milton Friedman--classic Phil, and classic Milton! What I like about Phil, and what contrasts him with so many of today's talk show hosts, is that he'll ask a question and then let his guest answer it. In general, he doesn't talk over the guest and just get his point across, he genuinely let his guest get his/her point across as well.
The clip below of Ayn Rand is educational for many reasons. For starters, listen to the companies that the audience were afraid of because of their monopoly power--ITT, Xerox, and General Motors! (Note: two decades ago people worried about Microsoft. Today people worry about Google and Facebook, and perhaps Disney.) Also, (the libertarian) Ms. Rand refuses to answer a question she considers asked in a rude manner, and (the leftie) Mr. Donahue tells her not to be so sensitive!
Don't get me wrong, I don't agree with hardcore libertarianism--it disregards human nature as much as liberalism does. At 10:00 in the video Rand talks about a businessman who (without government help) establishes as monopoly but someone else will eventually come along and offer better service, a more competitive price, etc, and the monopoly won't stand; when that eventually happens, and it will eventually happen, it disregards the hardships imposed on the public by the monopolist prior to his/her competition's arrival on the scene. Understanding human nature, I want a government that restricts the worst impulses of that nature. That's why I'm such a fan of the US Constitution.
So my purpose in showing this Donahue/Rand video is not wave the banner of libertarianism, but to show how times have changed.
Pay Raise
It's hard to believe, but I have 4 weeks of work (19 days) behind me already, and 17 of those days were with students. Because of this I'm glad that our district switched us from 10 paychecks per year to 11. Used to be we worked a bit in August and then all of September before getting a paycheck, now we get one in August as well. The only month in which I don't get a paycheck is July.
I finished my master's degree last May (you long time readers might recall reading something about that!) and I made a conservative guess as to where I'd be placed on the salary schedule--no, it's not patently obvious where I'd be on the scale given the many rules that govern it! I assumed a worst-case scenario and given that, expected a couple hundred dollar a month raise.
The worst case scenario didn't happen, by a long shot. My raise was almost twice what I was expecting! That perks my spirits somewhat!
It doesn't fix the problems I identified in my last post, but once I leave school each afternoon my life is a bit better.
I finished my master's degree last May (you long time readers might recall reading something about that!) and I made a conservative guess as to where I'd be placed on the salary schedule--no, it's not patently obvious where I'd be on the scale given the many rules that govern it! I assumed a worst-case scenario and given that, expected a couple hundred dollar a month raise.
The worst case scenario didn't happen, by a long shot. My raise was almost twice what I was expecting! That perks my spirits somewhat!
It doesn't fix the problems I identified in my last post, but once I leave school each afternoon my life is a bit better.
Thursday, August 31, 2017
Teaching From My Head, Or From The Book?
There's so much backstory to this post that I hesitate to start--I could spend days telling you how bad my school district has screwed up everything from switching from traditional to integrated math, to having no valuable textbook piloting/adoption process, to fashioning rules for (not) accelerating capable students, to creating odd classes to get around the other rules. While convincing themselves that they use "a collaborative model" of management, it's a top-down style with little to no help to teachers. I've said several times in frustration that it's obvious that the number one priority of my district is not the education of children; if it were, just about everything would be done differently.
So you'll just have to take my word for it that currently, the situation in my district is "less than optimal". And in math, the bad decisions compound. Again, it would take too much explanation, so I ask you to just believe me when I tell you that. It's bad. Very bad.
There. Without any facts or anecdotes, I've tried to set the scene. I hope I've done so adequately.
And now the story.
One of the classes I teach, new to our school this year, comes with a student textbook that is known in education parlance as a "consumable". In other words, it's half book, half worksheet-book. We'll buy new ones each year. In theory, students would take classroom notes in these paperback books (which are inches thick), would do their homework assignments in the book, and would rip out the homework pages and turn them in. The "notes" they would take are more like "filling in the missing words" in the book or on the example problems, and the homework has all the advantages of worksheets but without the copying! The former might work if the book's methodology were clear, and the latter might be useful if I didn't have to spend more than one day on a lesson, and if the problems on the homework page lined up perfectly with what we'd cover in a day so that students would only have to rip out and turn in one day's assignment while leaving the next day's intact until the next day.
To channel John Kerry, "would that it were so."
Yesterday I needed to cover the section about transformation of functions (stretch, reflect, and translate), and today I needed to cover the section about inverses and composition of functions. Looking at how the book covered the material, I just couldn't do it. It's one thing to present in-depth instruction that makes kids think, it's another thing entirely to present the material in such an obtuse way as to allow someone to pretend that the material is in-depth. The textbook authors charted the latter course. Thus, my dilemma.
So yesterday, I just taught. Off the top of my head. Completely ignoring the convoluted way the material was present in the text. Here's how you stretch a function, both vertically and horizontally. Here's how you reflect over the x- and y-axes. Here's how you translate vertically and horizontally. Direct instruction, presented clearly. Today's homework results indicate that my instruction was effective.
And today I did the same thing with inverses and compositions of functions. Clarity is one of my hallmarks.
So at the end of class I asked my students a question. I told them that I'm not fishing for compliments or anything, that I genuinely want to know what works best for them. Do they prefer that I follow the book, where they only have to write some of the things due to the text's fill-in-the-blank style, or do they prefer when I go rogue and teach my way? I wasn't even done asking the question before the chorus arose, loudly and forcefully, "your way."
They want to learn. They're not afraid of hard work. They just want the best opportunity to learn; they want clarity in their instruction.
I feel like I'm doing them a disservice when I try to follow the book and have them fill in the missing words and numbers. Yes, those pages can be thought-provoking when the material is written and presented well, but that presentation gives the impression that there's only one, or one best, way to solve a particular problem. When I teach "freestyle" I can show students multiple ways to solve a problem. There's plenty of room on their note papers for my multiple methods, there's no such room in the text. One way, the book way, or the highway, I guess.
I'll use the book when it makes sense to me to do so. Otherwise, I'll teach it my way.
So you'll just have to take my word for it that currently, the situation in my district is "less than optimal". And in math, the bad decisions compound. Again, it would take too much explanation, so I ask you to just believe me when I tell you that. It's bad. Very bad.
There. Without any facts or anecdotes, I've tried to set the scene. I hope I've done so adequately.
And now the story.
One of the classes I teach, new to our school this year, comes with a student textbook that is known in education parlance as a "consumable". In other words, it's half book, half worksheet-book. We'll buy new ones each year. In theory, students would take classroom notes in these paperback books (which are inches thick), would do their homework assignments in the book, and would rip out the homework pages and turn them in. The "notes" they would take are more like "filling in the missing words" in the book or on the example problems, and the homework has all the advantages of worksheets but without the copying! The former might work if the book's methodology were clear, and the latter might be useful if I didn't have to spend more than one day on a lesson, and if the problems on the homework page lined up perfectly with what we'd cover in a day so that students would only have to rip out and turn in one day's assignment while leaving the next day's intact until the next day.
To channel John Kerry, "would that it were so."
Yesterday I needed to cover the section about transformation of functions (stretch, reflect, and translate), and today I needed to cover the section about inverses and composition of functions. Looking at how the book covered the material, I just couldn't do it. It's one thing to present in-depth instruction that makes kids think, it's another thing entirely to present the material in such an obtuse way as to allow someone to pretend that the material is in-depth. The textbook authors charted the latter course. Thus, my dilemma.
So yesterday, I just taught. Off the top of my head. Completely ignoring the convoluted way the material was present in the text. Here's how you stretch a function, both vertically and horizontally. Here's how you reflect over the x- and y-axes. Here's how you translate vertically and horizontally. Direct instruction, presented clearly. Today's homework results indicate that my instruction was effective.
And today I did the same thing with inverses and compositions of functions. Clarity is one of my hallmarks.
So at the end of class I asked my students a question. I told them that I'm not fishing for compliments or anything, that I genuinely want to know what works best for them. Do they prefer that I follow the book, where they only have to write some of the things due to the text's fill-in-the-blank style, or do they prefer when I go rogue and teach my way? I wasn't even done asking the question before the chorus arose, loudly and forcefully, "your way."
They want to learn. They're not afraid of hard work. They just want the best opportunity to learn; they want clarity in their instruction.
I feel like I'm doing them a disservice when I try to follow the book and have them fill in the missing words and numbers. Yes, those pages can be thought-provoking when the material is written and presented well, but that presentation gives the impression that there's only one, or one best, way to solve a particular problem. When I teach "freestyle" I can show students multiple ways to solve a problem. There's plenty of room on their note papers for my multiple methods, there's no such room in the text. One way, the book way, or the highway, I guess.
I'll use the book when it makes sense to me to do so. Otherwise, I'll teach it my way.
Privilege
The Problem With "Privilege". The author objects to the word "privilege", not to the idea that some people have advantages that others have.
So the title of that article could easily cause people of my political stripe to dismiss it. I took the bullet for everyone and read it, it's not as bad as you'd think. At all.
I'll gently recommend that you read it yourself :)
So the title of that article could easily cause people of my political stripe to dismiss it. I took the bullet for everyone and read it, it's not as bad as you'd think. At all.
I'll gently recommend that you read it yourself :)
Wednesday, August 30, 2017
Couldn't Happen To A Nicer Bunch Of Idiots
Administrators at The Evergreen State College have announced that the embattled school faces a massive $2.1 million budget shortfall due in part to a drop in enrollment, and the institution has already handed out some temporary layoff notices as officials grapple with balancing the books.Imagine that.
Although the memo does not reference it, the drop in student enrollment can likely be traced back to the national uproar caused after a rowdy group of progressive students took over the school in May and June.Normal people don't want to be around people who are so batcrap insane.
First they cornered white biology Professor Bret Weinstein and shouted him down over his choice not leave campus during a “Day of Absence,” in which white students and employees were asked to stay off campus for the day. The aggressive actions against the professor forced him to hold class off campus at a nearby park.
Next, students accused the university’s administration of racism during a contentious meeting, during which they yelled at and belittled President George Bridges. At this meeting, some white students were told to stand in the back of the room because of the color of their skin. The progressive student protesters also issued a string of demands to combat the alleged racism on campus, most of which the university agreed to implement at an unknown fiscal cost.
The college was also shut for multiple days in early June because of threats it received. Student vigilantes even took to patrolling campus with bats. Later reports about the school revealed that radicalism and anarchy had been pushed at Evergreen State College since at least 2008.
More here.
Tuesday, August 29, 2017
When Even The Atlantic Notices...
Some on the left are trying to equate speech with violence. This tramples on the Constitution, specifically the Bill of Rights, and our American way of life. I'm glad that others on the left are starting to take notice:
I've written about Haidt plenty of times.
Of all the ideas percolating on college campuses these days, the most dangerous one might be that speech is sometimes violence. We’re not talking about verbal threats of violence, which are used to coerce and intimidate, and which are illegal and not protected by the First Amendment. We’re talking about speech that is deemed by members of an identity group to be critical of the group, or speech that is otherwise upsetting to members of the group. This is the kind of speech that many students today refer to as a form of violence. If Milo Yiannopoulos speaks on the University of California, Berkeley, campus, is that an act of violence?Yes, the authors are Jonathan Haidt (self-identified leftie and author) and Greg Lukianoff (President and CEO of FIRE), who have spoken and written much on this topic. But this was published in The Atlantic, which is a good start.
...This is why the idea that speech is violence is so dangerous. It tells the members of a generation already beset by anxiety and depression that the world is a far more violent and threatening place than it really is. It tells them that words, ideas, and speakers can literally kill them. Even worse: At a time of rapidly rising political polarization in America, it helps a small subset of that generation justify political violence...
Free speech, properly understood, is not violence. It is a cure for violence.
I've written about Haidt plenty of times.
The Left Is A Mockery of Itself
Shamelessly lifted from Instapundit:
They're pathetic. Yes, they can still cause a lot of trouble and do plenty of damage, but they're still pathetic. They'd merit pity if they weren't so dangerous.
DENNIS PRAGER: THOSE WHO DON’T FIGHT EVIL FIGHT STATUES.
And, of course, it fights global warming. Leftists have convinced themselves that the real fight against evil in the world today is not against Islamism; it’s against carbon emissions.
And now, we can add statues to the list. The left was AWOL against communism, and it’s AWOL against Islamism. But it’s in the vanguard of fighting statues.Found via Kathy Shaidle, who writes, “I’m so old, I remember when the Left said ‘Marriage was just a piece of paper’ and ‘Flags were just pieces of cloth.'”
Well, the left have always been able to cut their conscience to fit this year’s fashions.
Monday, August 28, 2017
Today's Weight
My scale is too erratic. It's not even consistent. When I can step on it 3 or 4 times and get different values each time, and those values can differ by a couple pounds, then it's not worth maintaining this listing any longer--at least until I can find a spring scale.
But for your reference, the most likely weight value from this morning was 198.6 (I didn't believe the 194 at all).
But for your reference, the most likely weight value from this morning was 198.6 (I didn't believe the 194 at all).
Do Racial Achievement Gaps Mean That America's Education System Is Racist?
Joanne has a great post on the achievement gap between white and black students in Minnesota, and she states the following:
Occam's Razor tells me that there's a different explanation, one that involves the cultural dysfunctionality of certain segments, including racial segments, of our society. Yes, I'm saying that some cultures are "better" than others and some are more likely to allow students to achieve more in school than others do. That didn't used to be such a shocking conclusion.
Here's an example. I teach in a relatively upscale area. In one of my classes, only 1 in 12 students has a step-parent. I'm sure some of those kids are being raised by single parents, but as I scroll through the parent contacts in our student information system I see that a lot of them live with both their parents. Any psych will tell you what an advantage that is. In fact, in the year I was born, Moynihan released his report on "The Negro Family: The Case For National Action". Despite the welfare state, affirmative action, and a focus on racial issues, the problems Moynihan identified decades ago have worsened. I just don't accept that they've worsened because America's teachers have gotten more racist in the last fifty-plus years and are intentionally limiting the achievement of black students.
Some black and Hispanic students do succeed.
Denise Specht, the state’s top teachers’ union boss, believes “grades, conferences with teachers and even talks with the children themselves” are better judges of how students are doing than test results, writes Stewart. That “terribly irresponsible response” is easier to say for someone who doesn’t “have Black children getting a raw deal in a kind, gentle, racist education system.”Is the American education system--thousands of school districts in 50 states and 6 districts and territories--racist? Is that even possible? How big would that conspiracy have to be? Are all those Democratic activists (teachers, especially teachers union members) really honestly truly racist?
Occam's Razor tells me that there's a different explanation, one that involves the cultural dysfunctionality of certain segments, including racial segments, of our society. Yes, I'm saying that some cultures are "better" than others and some are more likely to allow students to achieve more in school than others do. That didn't used to be such a shocking conclusion.
Here's an example. I teach in a relatively upscale area. In one of my classes, only 1 in 12 students has a step-parent. I'm sure some of those kids are being raised by single parents, but as I scroll through the parent contacts in our student information system I see that a lot of them live with both their parents. Any psych will tell you what an advantage that is. In fact, in the year I was born, Moynihan released his report on "The Negro Family: The Case For National Action". Despite the welfare state, affirmative action, and a focus on racial issues, the problems Moynihan identified decades ago have worsened. I just don't accept that they've worsened because America's teachers have gotten more racist in the last fifty-plus years and are intentionally limiting the achievement of black students.
Some black and Hispanic students do succeed.
Sunday, August 27, 2017
Interesting Upcoming Court Case
Lifted shamelessly from Instapundit:
BAKE MY CAKE OR SUFFER THE PENALTIES: As Ed Driscoll reported yesterday, the D. James Kennedy Ministry is suing SPLC, GuideStar, and Amazon over “Hate” labeling. I’ve had a chance to go through the Complaint, and my view is the defamation claims may have enough merit to proceed, the Trademark claims are weak, but the most interesting thing — and what may be the most impacting aspect of this suit — is the claim under the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. 4 2000(a), which the Plaintiffs point out:
“Because the Amazon Defendants are operating a public accommodation(s), it is a violation of Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, specifically 42 U.S.C. § 2000(a), for the Amazon Defendants to deny the Ministry the privileges and advantages of the AmazonSmile program on the basis of the Ministry’s religion and the beliefs that are inherent to that religion.”Now here’s where it gets interesting. If the Commerce Clause gives government the authority to trump a businessman’s personal beliefs, even if couched as a First Amendment expression, then the same logic that requires Christian fundamentalists to bake “gay” wedding cakes against their beliefs ought to mean that Amazon has no right to deprive the Ministry of a public accommodation because they “don’t like” that Church’s view on gay marriage.
I’m betting if Amazon doesn’t settle, that this issue is headed to the Eleventh Circuit, and maybe even SCOTUS. This is right in Justice Gorsuch‘s wheelhouse. Stay tuned.
Saturday, August 26, 2017
What Kind Of Sick Crap Is This?
Who could possibly have thought this was reasonable?
Administrators and coaches at East High School in Denver, CO, have been put on leave for making their cheerleading girls practice painful splits. The horrifying video was released by local media, and it shows one cheerleader crying "please stop" as they seemingly force her to do the move. The American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators and USA Cheer released a joint statement saying they don't "condone the coach's actions, and reject them to the fullest extent. Stretching should never be taken to the level of causing pain."
Free Speech At Berkeley? Not Everyone Is Impressed.
I've written, most recently here, about the UC Berkeley chancellor's stated commitment to free speech on campus. That should be a "duh"; that it's not shows how far Berkeley has fallen. That the student body president openly challenges that commitment is sad indeed:
A University of California, Berkeley professor and the student body president recently condemned the school’s decision to allow right-wing speakers on campus.Zaynab has a few things to learn.
UC-Berkeley will host conservative speakers Milo Yiannopoulos, Ben Shapiro, and Ann Coulter in September, and school administrators are preparing students by rededicating themselves to free speech after the same speakers were shut down by rioters earlier this year.
According to a letter sent out by Chancellor Carol Christ, “public institutions like UC Berkeley must permit speakers invited in accordance with campus policies to speak, without discrimination in regard to point of view.”
However, American and African American Studies Assistant Professor Michael Cohen took to Twitter on August 23 to demonstrate his outrage with the decision and chastise the administration for failing to ban the speakers from campus...
As of August 24, Cohen has taken down some of the tweets reported by Campus Reform, but Student Body President Zaynab Abdulqadir-Morris shared similar sentiments...
Abdulqadir-Morris further claims that the university is not bound to the constitution, but only to the “code of conduct which denounces hate speech.”
Pat Benatar and Toto Last Night
Toto opened, played for a little over an hour, and then the stage was readied for Pat Benatar. She played for well over an hour and, three hours after the show began, it was over.
What a great time! And only $50, including Ticketmaster's bloodsucking fee.
What a great time! And only $50, including Ticketmaster's bloodsucking fee.
Thursday, August 24, 2017
Here We Go Again With The Electoral College
I continue to marvel at the wisdom of our nation's Founders. The Electoral College, while a compromise, continues to pay dividends over 225 years after it was created.
The only people who believe this are those who don’t know and learn from history—you know, like the people who (pretend to) think that tearing down statues will solve problems:
The only people who believe this are those who don’t know and learn from history—you know, like the people who (pretend to) think that tearing down statues will solve problems:
The Rev. Jesse Jackson on Sunday gave a strong endorsement to the movement for removing monuments to leaders of the Confederacy and called for the electoral college to be abolished.
Free Speech In Berkeley
This cannot be said enough, especially in Berkeley:
This fall, the issue of free speech will once more engage our community in powerful and complex ways. Events in Charlottesville, with their racism, bigotry, violence and mayhem, make the issue of free speech even more tense. The law is very clear; public institutions like UC Berkeley must permit speakers invited in accordance with campus policies to speak, without discrimination in regard to point of view. The United States has the strongest free speech protections of any liberal democracy; the First Amendment protects even speech that most of us would find hateful, abhorrent and odious, and the courts have consistently upheld these protections.As I've said before, I hope she succeeds in reinstilling the values of free speech for which Berkeley became nationally known.
But the most powerful argument for free speech is not one of legal constraint — that we’re required to allow it — but of value. The public expression of many sharply divergent points of view is fundamental both to our democracy and to our mission as a university. The philosophical justification underlying free speech, most powerfully articulated by John Stuart Mill in his book, On Liberty, rests on two basic assumptions. The first is that truth is of such power that it will always ultimately prevail; any abridgement of argument therefore compromises the opportunity of exchanging error for truth. The second is an extreme skepticism about the right of any authority to determine which opinions are noxious or abhorrent. Once you embark on the path to censorship, you make your own speech vulnerable to it. . . .
We all desire safe space, where we can be ourselves and find support for our identities. You have the right at Berkeley to expect the university to keep you physically safe. But we would be providing students with a less valuable education, preparing them less well for the world after graduation, if we tried to shelter them from ideas that many find wrong, even dangerous. We must show that we can choose what to listen to, that we can cultivate our own arguments and that we can develop inner resilience, which is the surest form of safe space.
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